Sustainable+Memes

Co-operation

Trust building

Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy [|Leonardi, Robert], [|Nanetti, Raffaella Y.] , [|Putnam, Robert]
 * Social capital – the use of social networks, trust, and reciprocity to enable cooperation among citizens beyond that required by law or employment – can lead to higher levels of economic and civic success.
 * Informal associations such as choral societies or soccer clubs can increase levels of cooperation among citizens and enhance the ability of opposing factions to compromise.
 * Dense networks of social and cultural civic association lower transaction costs in economic and political spheres.
 * Fabrics of trust enable civic communities to solve social dilemmas by raising the potential cost of defection and risking loss of future benefits by defectors, enhance the flow of information about who can be trusted, foster norms of reciprocity that are reinforced by the flow of reputational information, capture strategies and institutions that worked in the past and keep them available as templates for future collaboration.
 * Trust tends to be an emergent property of the social system – individuals are able to trust because of the social norms and networks in which their actions play out.
 * Stocks of social capital such as trust, norms and networks, tend to be self-reinforcing and cumulative and are public goods owned by the group rather than individuals.

Author(s) / Editor(s)
[|Mui, Lik]

> The five major approaches to answering how cooperation emerges and becomes stable in nature (Group Selection, Kinship Theory, Direct Reciprocity, Indirect Reciprocity, and Social Learning) might be improved by not presuming asexual and non-overlapping generations, simultaneous-play for every interaction, dyadic interactions, mostly predetermined and mistake-free behavior, discrete actions (cooperate or defect), and the trivial role of social structure and social learning of individuals. .