Evolution+of+governence

Nation-states and Education

The nation-state as a sociopolitical apparatus emerged in the early stages of political and economic modernization. Forerunners from Europe abound in discussions relating to such an apparatus. For example, in England from the seventeenth to the eighteenth centuries, people invented such phrases as ‘body politic’ and ‘body economic’ (Petty, 1660s). Over time, these two notions were combined into one notion of political economy. The unity of these two notions was, to express it simply, a reflection of the whole processes of the political and industrial emergence of the British Empire, a form of nation-state. The features of a nation-state are __a set of inventions: ethnic identity, language uniformity, religious conformity and cultural authenticity__, by which the rulers successfully converged two kinds of hegemonic __powers__ of politics and culture (knowledge in the present-day sense) __into one mighty authority__.

Globalization can be reinterpreted as __an extended sociological system of societal functions__ from the viewpoints of sociological functionalism, if sounding a bit oldfashioned. It being sound, however, a dynamic reorientation and restructuring of those functional vectors within a system, whatever it may be, must need __a new polity__ within its reconstructed system. It means an emergence of __new governance embracing the whole system itself__. Any type of governance for the system should cover all subsystems of it (a possible super-system to subsystems) and hence __the realms of livelihood__ (ways of living and their institutionalization), being interpreted in everyday terms, should be included __in the functional schemata__, whether or not they are described in any formulae of a sociological theory. __And every livelihood must imply child-rearing and socialization of the adolescents (that is, education in the wider term).__ It follows that new governance should refer to education hitherto or new education to come. In this sense, globalization and regionalization necessarily require developing __new schemes of education__.

Simplifying the function, a nation-state has four functional subsystems: namely, politics, economics, culture and a household-and-child-rearing system.