Examples+and+exemplars

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**Key Considerations for Building Affordable Housing** by Dr. Owen Geiger

**Community Organizing:** - Encourage solutions that are based on local needs and resources. Emphasize local control, community building, collaboration, self-empowerment, and sustainable grassroots solutions. - Involve the whole community in the design and building process: men, women, children, young and old can work together in a way that is reminiscent of traditional barn raisings. Construction sites can be joyous places filled with singing, ceremonies, picnics and other festivities. - Encourage vernacular architecture and traditional building methods. Discover what is important to the local community and then design and build houses that people really like. - People-centered building: houses should be designed for the way people really live within their culture. Include input from women who speak from experience about what makes a good home. - Collaborate with other groups such as Builders without Borders for technical assistance and educational materials, local universities for training and other resources, Bahai and Habitat for Humanity for family needs, VISTA volunteers, youth groups, etc. - Team approach: the construction process can be broken down into major steps (foundation, walls, roof, plastering, etc.); each crew learns one skill for maximum efficiency; after completion of a certain number of hours each worker receives their own home; the most competent leaders help create a DNA-like self-replicating process that leads to other housing projects. - Hands-on learning: utilize experiential learning, service learning and real-world experience, instead of abstract, theoretical approaches. - Self-build housing: owner-builders build their own houses instead of relying on contractors. - Utilize existing skills as much as possible. Some new skills may be required, but avoid unnecessary and sudden changes. - Workshops: once the local population is trained and experienced, they can charge for workshops; this includes training those who wish to learn natural building, and community groups looking for service learning and cultural exchange projects. This creates an ongoing source of funding and labor, and helps spread sustainable building concepts. - Cottage industries: create local jobs with sustainable logging, milling, truss manufacturing, contracting, supplying materials (clay, stone, straw, etc.). - Create a local economy through building houses for each other (the tendency is to look for ‘real jobs’ somewhere else). - Build more than just houses. Create peaceful, thriving communities built with love and care that meet all basic human needs for everyone who lives there.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Building Technologies:** <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">- Utilize locally available, low-cost natural materials: use straw, earth, stone, sustainable wood supplies, recycled materials, etc., instead of highly processed, energy-intensive manufactured materials that are shipped long distances. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">- KISS (Keep It Simple Stupid): keep the design small and simple so that everyone can afford a home. The simplest homes are usually one story structures that avoid complex roof lines, skylights, dormers, and complex shapes and angles. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">- Energy efficient design: straw-bale construction, for example, provides super insulation that greatly reduces long-term energy costs and almost eliminates the need for heating and cooling. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">- Permaculture principles: this can include roof water catchment, composting (including composting toilets), sheet mulching, organic gardening, xeriscaping, forest gardening and more. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">- Appropriate technology: this can include solar ovens, mass heaters, solar water heaters and distillers. Consider all human needs such as cooking, water supply, waste disposal, etc. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">- Passive solar energy: orient buildings along an east-west axis; use proper placement of windows (additional windows on the south, fewer if any on the west, etc.); use proper overhangs that allow penetration of the winter sun but block the hot summer sun; design for natural daylighting to minimize artificial lighting. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">- Utilize low tech solutions such as rubble trench foundations, earthbag or stone foundations, straw-bale construction, cob furniture, straw-clay, bamboo instead of rebar, pumice instead of rigid foam insulation, cellulose or cotton instead of fiberglass, adobe floors instead of concrete, lime or earth plaster instead of cement stucco, minimally processed local wood instead of dimension lumber. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">- Incorporate the latest natural building methods and techniques such as stacking straw bales on edge, external pinning with bamboo or reeds, etc. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">- Use a ‘good hat and good shoes’: all buildings should have a good foundation and a good roof that protects the rest of the structure. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">- Create safe construction sites: minimize use of power tools and limit their use to those who are qualified, use solid ladders and include basic safety training to everyone who participates. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**BWB Involvement:**

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">- Design and technical assistance

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">- Leading hands-on workshops

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">- Educational materials

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